Essay about The Adult Sex Industry - 948 Words

When discussing the adult sex industry one must understand the differences between human trafficking, sex slavery, and prostitution. An individual also has to taken into consideration why another individual would choose prostitution as means of income verses any other job that doesn’t include the buying and selling of sex. One must be able to empathize with the individuals who choose prostitution and be able to take into consideration some factors that may lead an individual to prostitution as a means of economic trade. Such factors might include; the country these individuals live in, their living conditions, education, social and economic status and various other reasons. When understanding the topic of prostitution an individual must†¦show more content†¦I feel Kate is confusing her opinion with actual fact and not so much diving into the root of the problem; the government[s] involved in the human sex trafficking industry. If we are provided with an estimated annu al amount of money generated from human-trafficking how are those involved in collecting such data not able to trace where the money is being generated from and stop the issue. Instead the people often targeted, blamed, and penalized are those individuals who choose prostitution as a profession. Unfortunately in this article Kate does not define the differences between sex slavery and prostitution, causing confusion for any reader who knows little about the two. Prostitution can be defined as any sexual act performed by two or more consenting adults in exchange for a trade, most often currency. Prostitution has been one of the oldest forms of trade however because we live in a society where religion and monogamy are the ruling forces of humanity the sexual act for trade is looked upon as socially unacceptable. People fail to comprehend that in many monogamous relationships there still comes a form of sexual trade. Many people who have this perspective may not able to see that anytime there is sex involved between two people there is an exchange. People who are in monogamous relationships often exchange the idea of love for sex and sex for love. In some relationships there is a trade for financial security or whatever else the individuals needShow MoreRelatedThe Industry Can Cause A Lot Of Trouble For People1681 Words   |  7 PagesStigmas of the industry can cause a lot of trouble for people. It is very common for people to be fired from their â€Å"normal† jobs if it’s discovered that they’ve worked or work in the industry. People in the industry are looked down on. Janet Mock experienced this when she was robbed and sought help from the police, â€Å"He wanted to squash this report and put me in my place as a prostitute unworthy of justice. His indignant tone said what all three officers were thinking: There is no purpose in writingRead MoreSex Is A Tricky Subject1451 Words   |  6 PagesSex is a tricky subject; our society is still recovering from the nineteenth century â€Å"moral panic† where sex was demonized (Rubin 268). We are slowly moving to a more sex positive society, but there is still a lot of negativity attached to sex. People who work in the sex industry face harmful stigmas that cause our society to bel ieve that jobs in the industry are not viable career choices. People in sex work are demonized as whores or drug addicts, thought of as less intelligent, and thought of asRead MoreEverybody Knows Big Porn Is Destroying Relationships Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagessexual interest (Legal Dictionary, 2014). In 2002, the adult film industry accumulated an average 3.9 billion dollar profit, and this figure has almost tripled since (Forbes Magazine, 2002). Pornography is misconceived within society as a violent and demoralising form of adult entertainment, and can be perceived as a negative pot-stirrer for relationships. Whether or not it destroys relationships is an opinionated question. Regardless, the porn industry does have a proven negative impact on relationshipRead MorePorn: A Controversial Issue1426 Words   |  6 Pageswant to be apart of. Now porn or as they would call it now as the Adult Film business is seen every where, from DVD’s to magazines and late night televi sion shows to the internet. It can be accessed from anywhere at anytime. Adult film wasn’t something that was new to society, but yet society is acting new towards it. Many are saying that this is something that has affected their lives, or that it should not be around at all. Adult film has become popular for many reasons being that it can be accessRead MoreSex Workers and Violence Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesIt is self-evident that financial reasons for sex work are most prominent. Surprisingly near to 40% indicate that they like this kind of work. About one-third of the women are offering sex services for altruistic reasons, as they want to help. Thus, sex work obviously also serves very personal reasons; sex work can enhance self-esteem, allow the person to be their own master give a feeling of power (pg. 149). In a study performed by Koken (2012), the researcher approaches prostitution as a form ofRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesneighborhoods, but should law enforcement be made to waste their time and effort to arrest those that may or may not be prostitutes? While some believe legalizing prostitution will only encourage more people to buy sex, making prostitution legal will protect those who work in the sex industry. The earliest mentions of prostitution date all the way back to the B.C. era. The Sumerian Records (2400 B.C.) and Hammurabi’s code (1780 B.C.) list female prostitution as one of the earliest professions and evenRead MoreProstitution And Its Effect On Society Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution remained legal in Alaska until 1953, and is still legal in some rural counties of Nevada, including areas outside of Las Vegas. Prostitution is the provision of sexual services for a negotiated payment between consenting adults. Prostitution is a service industry like any other in which people exchange services for money or other reward. No person s human or civil rights should be violated on the basis of their trade, occupation, work, calling or profession. Additionally, no law has everRead MoreAids Among Women During The Sex Industry1004 Words   |  5 PagesAIDS among women in the sex industry Human immunodeficieny virus (HIV) is a virus that produces AIDS (HIV/AIDS: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia). The HIV virus attacks and weakens a person immune system. People with weaker immune systems are at higher risk of contracting infections or cancers. The HIV virus is spread from person to person through sexual contact, blood, and from mother to child. The people that are at higher risk of contracting HIV are drug users who share needles, and people whoRead MoreProstitution And Its Effect On Society886 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerated in annualrevenue from the sex-for-sale industry. Worldwide revenue from the commercial sex trade industry is estimated at more than $100 billion each year,† says the literary criminologist R. Barri Flowers. Prostitution is described as the act of having sexual intercourse in exchange of money or basically commerce of sex. People engaged in this type of activity are called prostitutes or simply sex workers. In today’s societies man an d woman can both be sex workers although woman have beenRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Modern Day Slavery Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesthese criminals who run this racket as a business. This is a 32 billion a year industry. 26 % of human trafficked are children, out of which 22% are in the sex industry. This happens in US too. Research shows all 50 states in the United States have crimes like human trafficking. This industry was a number third industry after Drugs and weapons, now it is the number two industry and might soon be the number one industry. This is one of the most organized crime. Victims of human trafficking fall prey

Australia s Responsibility For Offshore Processing

Australia’s Responsibility for Offshore Processing in Nauru and Papua New Guinea (PNG) In 2013, Australia signed a Regional Settlement Arrangement (RSA) with PNG and later a new Memorandum of Understanding with Nauru regarding refugees resettlement . Notwithstanding Australia’s attempt to evade from its international human rights obligations by sending asylum seekers and refugees outside its territory, as Australia is a party to a number of treaties, including the ICCPR, the ICESCR, the CRC, the CAT and the Refugee Convention , Australia’s international human rights obligations clearly apply when transferring asylum seekers to a third country. The essay argues that Australia has the responsibility for human rights abuses, if any, in†¦show more content†¦Respect for sovereignty refers to the non-interference in the independent governmental power in Nauru and PNG; however, this does not restrict any international human rights obligations of Australia, which is determined in accordance with international law and treaty interpretation â€Å"in good faith, according to their ordinary meaning, and in light of their context and the treaty’s object and purpose† . 1.1 Acts Attributable to Australia A State can â€Å"act† through the conduct of its agents. Conducts by any governmental bodies or anyone with governmental authority, and entities acting under the direction or control of the State could be attributed to the State . Regarding asylum seekers in Nauru and PNG, conducts by the Australian Immigration Minister, the Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP) and DIBP officers should be attributed to Australia, as they make up decisions to remove asylum seekers to Nauru or PNG on behalf of the Australian government. Moreover, the conduct by Transfield, the contractor designated by the Australian government to manage the detention centres, may be attributable to Australia because it exercises elements of governmental control over the centres. 1.2 Breach of International Obligations Third country processing for asylum seekers is not prohibited under international law, but Australia could still remain liable for the transfer, and ought to ensure adequate safeguards for the transferred asylum seekers .

What Is Toxicology Free Essays

Research involving laboratory animals is important to people and to our quality of life. In the past century, most inhabitants of this planet have experienced an unprecedented rise in living standards, life expectancy and personal opportunity, in large part due to the many ways chemicals have been put to work for us. For example, drugs whose effects range from curing previously fatal bacterial infections, reducing the impact of AIDS, minimizing heart disease, decreasing age- related wrinkles, to reducing hair loss are widely available today. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Toxicology? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The many benefits of the diverse uses of our natural resources are an outcome of careful scientific research and of using chemicals in an appropriate and safe manner. Toxicologists, the scientists who help determine the limits for safe use of materials, use modern technological research methods, including tests on animals, to protect human and animal health and the environment. What is toxicology? Toxicology is the study of how chemical substances interact with living systems and affect normal processes, and the use of this information to predict safe exposure levels. Toxicological research and testing helps us to live safely and to derive benefit from natural and synthetic substances while avoiding harm. Toxicologists are involved in the evaluation of household products, medicines and the effects of incidental and occupational exposure to natural and manufactured substances. Toxicology also helps us develop the best treatments in the event that accidental overexposure does occur. What is safe? Toxicologists know that no substance is risk-free. One fundamental tenet of the science of toxicology is that all chemicals can cause harm at some level of exposure, summed up in the phrase â€Å"the dose makes the poison. † This means that exposure to a specific small amount of any substance will have no detectable impact on normal biological processes and is considered safe. Some doses actually have beneficial effects, as we all know from use of medicines. But increasing exposure to most substances will, at some point, cause harmful effects. Substances are considered toxic at that level. For example, digitalis is a plant product that has been used with great benefit to treat heart irregularities, but too large a dose will cause death. Oxygen provides another example of how increasing the dose can turn a safe compound into a toxic one. Oxygen is essential to life and part of the air we breathe, but when given at high concentrations it can cause lung and eye damage in infants. Sometimes the possible negative effects of a substance are outweighed by the positive benefits at that dose. Dogs are treated with heartworm medication because the risk of death from heartworms is much greater than the risk of toxicity of the medication. Similarly, chemotherapeutic agents are used to destroy cancerous cells even though they may damage healthy cells in the process. Prior to the use of new substances, toxicologists and policy makers are responsible for determining the range of exposure that is safe and the level of exposure that may be harmful to human health or to the environment. The effect of the level of exposure is also important when toxicologists assess the risk caused by a substance already present in the environment. The benefits of using a new substance, or the costs of removing an environmental contaminant, are viewed relative to the perception of what is safe. How to cite What Is Toxicology?, Papers

How to Make a First Good Impression on Roomate free essay sample

How to make a good first Impression on a college roommate First impression is important as it lasts for eternity. Hence, it is crucial to make a good first impression especially on college roommate. It is because you will be staying with him for years and spending a lot of time together. The first impression you made will have a great affect on how he perceives you. First of all, you must have a good conversation skill. Instead of talking about the same old topics, you can try something Interesting to arouse his interest. Whenever your roommate Is talking, pay attention to them and listen attentively. It Is a sign of respect and shows that you are interested in what they are saying. Next, you should be conscious of your body language as it plays an important part. Body language reflects your personal traits. For example, keeping eye contact shows that you are a confident individual. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Make a First Good Impression on Roomate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Do not forget to smile as it shows that you are a warm and friendly person. However, keep in mind not to show certain bad habits like shaking your feet as it might be rude to retain people. Lastly, you must show a positive attitude. Everyone comes from different backgrounds. Do not be too Judgmental even if he thinks differently from you. Instead, you should accept opinions and suggestions with an open heart. If you have something different to share, say it politely. Start your statement with In my opinion and I believe so that friction and misunderstanding can be avoided. First impression is something that will last forever. Hence, get yourself ready to leave a good first impression on your roommate!

Political Parties Essays - Habits, Smoking In The United States

Political Parties Rarely does a day pass where some form of power struggle does not occur within our government. The importance of the role of American government in the lives of its constituents has continuously grown in conjunction with a corresponding increase in governmental economic and social obligations. As the American state assumes greater power and responsibility in its actions, so must the citizens of the United States. With this increase in modern government participation, private interest groups have emerged as powerful influences in the American political scheme, particularly in the decision-making process. These highly effective organizations exist for several reasons, but especially for one in particular. The principal duty of such an interest group is the preservation of favorable circumstances that allow for that specific group to ideally exist. These interest groups effectively mobilize their efforts through lobbying, political clout, litigation and through sheer nepotism to gain favorable public opinion. Two such groups, the National Rifle Association and the tobacco industry interest parties, have been strong in voicing their beliefs. By a thorough study in their respective actions and political convictions, we can begin to see clearly the influence and role that these groups possess in our government. The National Rifle Association has actively represented a strong political opinion concerning gun control and the implementation of related laws. Representing virtually every gun owner and gun manufacturer in America, the NRA carries with it the burden of preserving basically the second amendment right to bear arms. Although the Second Amendment to the Constitution states, "a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed," to what extent can these gun lobbyists argue for reductions in gun laws. Using the well known Brady Bill as an example, we are able to see what a formidable task these interest groups become with respect to the passage of legislature. A seven-year battle. After a long and arduous seven-year struggle, Congress finally was able to implement the Brady Bill as law. Approved as the "first major gun control legislation...since 1968," it permitted limitations to gun purchasing in answer "urban violence and the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr." The passed bill called for a five-day waiting period upon the purchase of a hand gun. During this five-day span, information would be sent to the police who would, in turn, run background checks. This was all in hopes that convicted felons, fugitives, drug addicts or the mentally ill, would be prevented from purchasing guns. Despite this historic passage of legislation concerning gun control, the Brady Bill is often described as a"modest measure that at best will only make a small dent in crime." The National Rifle Association and other powerful gun interest groups were able to apply great political pressure in order to cause serious alterations from the original bill proposed back in the late 1980's. The NRA argued two points in their rebuttal to the bill. Firstly, they emphasized the Second Amendment right to arms. Secondly, the National Rifle Association stressed that this particular bill would not be effective in the limiting the access criminals would have to guns. Through their efforts, particularly in influencing members of Congress, the gun interest groups were able to get something "acceptable" passed. Whether it was through campaign contributions or by pressure exerted in the congressperson's constituency, the NRA and its fellow counterparts were able to sway legislators to filibuster during a time immediately preceding a period of Congressional adjournment. By influencing congressional members in such a way, the NRA pressured supporters of the bill to drastically compromise, resulting in passing a bill which was greatly different from the one originally proposed. In analyzing a second interest group, the tobacco industry's lobby organizations, a trend similar to that found in regards to gun control is noticeable. Historically, the government has called for the regulation of various facets in the tobacco industry for three distinct reasons: "risk to the public health or safety, risk assumed by consenting adults, and risk assumed by children and adolescents." Basically, the government's stance is founded upon the issue of to which extent consumers are able to reasonably make uncoerced decisions about smoking and purchasing tobacco products. Furthermore, government has repeatedly held the constitutional power to "protect the health and safety of children and adolescents" through the powers of parens patriae. From the beginning of the twentieth century, a pattern of successful avoidance of tobacco regulation is prevalent. The American government began its anti-tobacco campaign

Motivation Role in Organizational Management

Motivation Role in Organizational Management Abstract Employee motivation is a critical component that propels organizations into business successes that human resource managers need to factor when recruiting organizational employees and in running organizations. Motivated employees have been identified to be a strong force in improving organizational performance and individual productivity.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Motivation Role in Organizational Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Motivation, being a key element in organizational management is the basis upon which this report was written. Companies included in the research were Volkswagen, British Airways, and Audi. A common affront in tackling human resource problems at the technical departments of these companies was identified to be a critical component towards success. Among the theoretical approaches for analyzing the situations included Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation and Fredrick Hertzberg. Common problems identified in these problems included a lack of individual autonomy in decision making, managerial supervisory roles and their adverse effects on employee productivity, lack of incentive programs, transient attention to cross cultural management, a view of the employee as a commodity solely for profiteering their parent companies, and failure to inspire employees to view organizational success as their success. It has been demonstrated as a feasible to inspire employees with a sense of passion to pursue organizational strategic goals in improving organizational efficiency and productivity. Introduction Current trends in employee productivity relies on a keen commitment by organizational managers in devising better ways of motivating employees to help maintain them, increase their productivity, and their general contribution to organizational efficiency and productivity. It has been demonstrated that employee productivity has a strong correlati on to the motivational approaches manager employ in motivating them. In addition to that, various theories of motivation, spanning Hertzberg to Abraham Maslow and newer approaches play a significant role in motivating employees to higher levels of productivity with direct influences organizational performance. Several examples of organizations that have adopted different approaches in motivating their employees abound.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among them include the Volkswagen, British airways, and Audi. Specific to these companies are common problems at their technical departments that require a common affront to solve them. Appropriate approaches to motivating employees incorporates the broader sense of viewing people in a realistic sense, a complete understanding of human behavior and individual aspirations, a good and strong relationships with emplo yees, and acknowledgement of individual performance at work. In addition to that, these companies are of a global nature and the need to incorporate elements of cross culture management cannot be disputed. Situation Analysis Motivation Though motivation has no rigorous scientific definition or quantitative measure, yet it is a powerful tool that determines employee productivity and organizational efficiency. It is an internal force that stimulates behavior in response to applied stimuli. It takes into account internal and external needs of an individual and catalytically drives the intensity, persistence, and direction taken by an individual in a working environment. That is the case with the current work environment in a number of companies analyzed below. Institutionalized definition of motivation clearly shows a strong correlation between motivation and job performance issues. Situation Analysis One specific example of motivation is the Volkswagen Company, one of the largest moto r vehicle manufacturers in Germany. In the recent past, Volkswagen experienced a series of problems in delivering on time spare parts for its subsidiary plants in china. These late deliveries had a strong correlation with customer buying behavior, company profitability, and customer loyalty. Volkswagen, one of the most popular models in the Chinese market was being frowned upon and loosing customer loyalty due to late deliveries of spare parts. Specific to this was the time spent in waiting for the top management to decide on the specific procedure for manufacturing the spare parts based on the concept of lean manufacturing.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Motivation Role in Organizational Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A research into the problems plaguing the company revealed a lack of a motivational component with the technical staff. Statistical realities revealed that employee bonding and rela tionship with the Volkswagen Company had weakened and the component of motivation had reduced to a mere minimum. Motivation as a function of various performance variables in the work place had seriously impeded on the growth and performance of the company. The pitfalls were identified at various stages of motivational process. Among these was evaluation expectations and feedback on the performance of the technical staff. At Volkswagen, performance expectations and feedback on employees was a critical component lacking in the motivational and employee appraisal process. The company lacked specific appraisal methods and standards and the technical staff had little or no autonomy in decision making. Another problem at the industry level was linked to lack of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors at the work place. The technical staff had no autonomy in decision making. A critical analysis of the situation revealed that if the technical staff had autonomy in decision making, they could decide on the specific methods of manufacturing the spare parts which could be delivered to the destination market on time. Several researchers into motivational theories affirm the fact that specialized personnel required a degree of autonomy in the use of specialized skills at the workplace to confront environments that require real time decisions. An incredible researcher in the field of motivation, Fredrick Herzberg studied the theory of motivation in relation to hygiene factors. In his study, Herzberg concluded that hygiene factors such as salary did not increase motivation but found out that other factors led to self satisfaction were central in determining the motivation of individuals at the work place.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Self satisfaction, according to Hertzberg had a strong relationship with work productivity and overall organizational performance. Therefore, a critical analysis of Volkswagen’s product delivery problems had a strong relationship with the lack of motivation specific to autonomy in decision making. Hertzberg’s view of motivation factored job enlargement and job enrichment coupled with autonomy in decision making to impact positively on organizational performance, a situation lacking with Volkswagen Company. Other factors that were identified to relate strongly with self satisfaction and performance at the technical department included increase in skill task identity. Task identity entailed an individual’s understanding of the extent to which one’s skills contributed to the success in the efficiency and quality of spare parts manufactured at the technical department of the company. It was worth realizing that specialized skills required for one to work in t his department demanded to be emphased on. Autonomy and independence at the place of work was identified to be a lacking element in the technical department. Specialized personnel need not be under supervision in executing their duties. Rather, a degree of autonomy at the workplace coupled with independence inspires confidence and propels individuals to self determination and satisfaction. When individuals perform specialized tasks that require specialized skills without any sense of an obligation to a supervisor, it has been demonstrated that they perform better than when under supervision. This was a critical factor with Volkswagen motor company. Serious concerns related to motivation at Volkswagen’s technical division revealed critical incidents lacking in the motivation of the workforce. Among these included failure by the management to incorporate training programs for technical personnel in integrating a variety of skills in running the department. Managers who value th e well being of their employees incorporate training programs as an incentive to diversify their skills and knowledge, a critical component lacking with the Volkswagen Company. A further analysis of the situation revealed that the company’s motivational approaches lacked the essential component of task identity. Task identity for the technical staff demented their identity to task performance. No technical person could claim specialization on a specific production line. In addition to that, the significance of task performance was lacking, a critical element in motivating employees (Coillie Mechelen, 1). Volkswagen’s approach on motivating employees received a further pitfall on further analysis of their motivational approaches. There was not a framework for communicating feedback to the employees on its appraisal schemes and approaches. Feedback elicits decision making based on information received from the management and customers (Coillie Mechelen, 1). Another com pany of interest is the British airways. While the company has a motivational scheme for its employees, a critical analysis of their motivation methods fails to factor critical motivational components into the company’s approach in motivating employees. This is further illustrated by a spate of strikes that have engulfed the company’s technical staff in the recent past (Berecz, 12). The British airways embedded in the culture of continuous improvements and quality in addition to reliability and safety employs soft and hard human resource management models across the various levels of management in the company. In Berecz argument, besides that, the company’s training approaches do not reflect the component of human capital but is rather geared towards reflecting it as a luxury investment (24). The hard model reflects the strategic aspects of human resource management approach of headcount as an economic factor where technical employees are viewed as a commodity. Thus management integrates the aspect of human resource development and performance evaluations as strategic tools in improving on employee productivity and service quality. This approach is centered on rewards as a tool for employees and organizational efficiency. In addition to that, individual performance appraisals coupled with performance pay are integrated in the motivation criteria (Berecz, 50). On the other hand, the soft models approach view organizational employees as valuable assets that need to be evaluated and developed through learning processes that position the British airways at a strategic advantage over its competitors. The soft model is a transition from technical issues to technical approaches that emphasize on human needs in relation to their activities (Berecz, 67). An analysis of the hard model does not reflect an entire integration of various theories of motivation. Management need to integrate different theories of motivation and approaches to different sit uations. Human motivation, according to a well known theorist and researcher on motivation, Abraham Maslow views motivation from the aspect of psychological needs of individuals (Berecz, 100). According to Maslow, once an individual’s psychological needs have been met, one aspires to have safety needs satisfied in the hierarchy of needs. However, a critical evaluation of British airways reveals a lack of the important elements particularly social, esteem, and self-actualization needs factored into the hard model concept. Rather, human capital is viewed as a variable which responds to changes  of financial rewards. Source: https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/theories-of-motivation-gcse A further analysis of the motivational approaches in this company revealed that the models used by this company did not allow employees to develop strong bonding with their company. Berecz argues that when employees develop a strong bond with the organization they work for, there is b ound to be a significant inclination to better performance and improved productivity (100). This approach creates employee royalty and productivity. A successful organization reflects successful and satisfied employees. Another case reflective of motivation problems with technical department and is illustrated at the AUDI motor company. Though the company has various incentives and attractive conditions and working environment, when Dr. Werner joined the company in the capacity of a human resource manager, he set about setting goals and objectives that could see the company resolve issues at the technical department related to its employee motivational approaches (Berecz, 107). The technical department at AUDI indicated a drop in employee productivity and performance and it was increasingly becoming clear that the technical staff had a problem. A critical analysis of the situation revealed that they were not getting the right motivation. Konig Steel argue that to achieve the objec tives that were newly spelt by the new manager, there was need for an overhaul in the company’s approach in motivating the technical staff (891). Success of a company has a strong relationship with individual successes of its employees. Employee productivity, the quality of work, and efficiency are variables that depend on the quality of management. A better managed organization finds these factors core in encouraging employee readiness to better quality performances. Thus, performance is a critical element in employee productivity. This is based on the argument that people have an intrinsic nature to want to perform for personal development. Better performance translates directly to success. Thus well motivated employees have the passion to see their company succeed. In addition to that, Audi is a company of international repute. An analysis of the situation of the organization reveals that the company does not have a strong framework for cross-cultural management (Konig St eel, 890). Dickson, Hartog, Mitchelson define cross culture as an approach to managing and running business organizations in a multicultural environment (1). The concept adds value to a company’s workforce in reflecting multiculturalism. The company is therefore less likely to be dominated by a single organizational culture in the face of a diversity of cultures. In addition to that, management is bound to come up with approaches and strategies of integrating different cultures in the working environment with innovative intelligence to achieve team cohesiveness and oneness of purpose in pursuing organizational goals (Dickson,Hartog, Mitchelson, 3). When managers are unaware of cross cultural issues, a range of problems are bound to arise in their leadership. These managers lead a workforce and customers from multicultural backgrounds. One of these adverse effects is the likelihood of team cohesiveness disintegrating and the unlikelihood of managers estimating the actual imp act of their lack of cross cultural knowledge. Therefore, a learning manager should identify cross cultural implications between different cultures on the contractual relationships between individuals, self assertions and coordination, individual conscience versus obedience and values, learn group attributes of different cultures, and effective strategies of controlling individual and group behaviors. The manager should learn the foundational structure of society and hierarchy involved. Add to that, managers and employees should incorporate the process of integrating different cultures into one culture by making observations and create positive impact on the hosting culture before entering the collision phases where individuals cultivate confidence in the hosting environment by experiencing cultural shock and an evaluation of one’s cultural departure. Results An analysis of the case studies identified above revealed various pitfalls and problems in the technical departments o f the companies covered in the discussion and the approaches of motivating employees in the three companies. Each of the models used to a given extent proved successful, but had no clear cut motivational approaches of solving various issues associated with employee motivation at the technical departments of the cases discussed above. In addition to that, employees had no autonomy in decision making besides cross culture management issues (Bryant karseten, 1). Identified problems included management approach in using a single approach in motivating employees. This included the application of incentives without due regard to employee physiological needs and other motivational factors. Other issues raised in the research included a lack of cross cultural management in the management approaches of these organizations. Other aspects sharing a commonality across the organizations with regard to employee motivation at the technical departments of these organizations was a critical failure of management to merge motivational theories, organizational behavioral concepts, and distinctly tailored programs for employee motivation. There were no clear cut employee satisfaction schemes, lack of listening techniques, employee work ownerships, and the opportunity for the specialized personnel to exercise their skills. Recommendations To successfully drive and maintain these companies as global business leaders, motivation has been identified as a key element in driving employee performance to higher levels of productivity. To that end, each organization should remove some controls and empower employees in decision making. That could impart the culture of accountability and individual responsibility in decision making in their workplace. In addition to that, skilled employees may be required to work on whole units of work to allow them greater autonomy in the manufacturing process. These, coupled with freedom of movement and better communication channels could help management cooperate with them while they are made to own the company developing a strong bond in the process. Further recommendations span reporting and feedbacks. Employees need to be informed directly on the quality of their work removing the hierarchical reporting relationships between employees and the management through supervisors. This approach inculcates a sense of personal responsibility at the work place. In addition to that, these organizations need to provide feedback on employee performance. Each organization should encourage the element of thinking smart while incorporating incentives at team and individual levels. Each of the tangible incentive programs should be evaluated by every organization and incentives offered based on the best model organization adapts to. These models include fixed rate, quota based, tournament, and piece rate incentives. Conclusion An analysis of the problems encountered at the technical departments of Volkswagen, British airways and the Audi motor c ompanies bear a close similarity and are significantly driven by the most critical element, motivation with its variables. Different theorists, industrial practitioners and researchers into motivational theories at industrial and individual levels argue that motivation is a key element in driving organizations to higher levels of performance and individual productivity. Each company should develop its own model tailored towards employee motivation in enhancing employee productivity and organizational performance. Berecz, John, M. Theories of Personality. A Zonal Perspective 1 st ed. Boston. Allyn Bacon, 2008. Bryant, Ben Josen, Karseten. Cross Cultural Leadership. Aug. 2008. Web. Coillie, Van, H. Iven Van Mechelen. Expected consequences of anger-related  behaviours. European Journal of Personality, 20.2 (2006)137-15. Dickson, Marcus. W., Hartog, Deanne. N.D., Mitchelson, Jacqueline. K., 2003. Research on leadership in a cross-cultural context: Making progress, and raising new questions. 23 Sept. 2003. Web. Konig, Cornelius, J. Steel Piers. Integrating Theories of Motivation. Academy of Management Review. 3.4, (2006) 888-893.

Law and Ethics in education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Law and Ethics in education - Research Paper Example For a student to be eligible for accommodation, the student must provide the university with evidence of their disability. This is done by providing the director of tutoring with documentation from a licensed professional which determines the level of disability. This is important in ensuring that the student is given as much assistance as the level of his or her disability. This also protects resources of the disabled from being misused by students falsely claiming to be handicapped. If a continuing student identifies himself or herself to be disabled, he or she may contact the Director of Tutoring and Disability Services. The director can refer the student to a credible outside agency for testing. This caters for those who did not either report or have a disability at the period of joining the university. It also reduces the chances of a potentially handicapped student subscribing to substandard treatment from incompetent practitioners. Documentation of a disability condition must have been done within the past three years. Documentations older than 3 years are highly unreliable. This is because the disability level may have increased or reduced. Any change in disability assists the university actualize any extra special needs that the student may have in order to assist him or her as much as possible. Documentation defining the nature of the disability should be detailed. It should indicate how the student is disadvantaged by the disability. It should also recommend the type or accommodation best suited for the student. This helps the university to allocate the most suitable shelter for the student and helps the accommodation department understand fully the needs of the student. Information about a student’s disability is treated with utmost confidentiality by the university. All the records regarding disability are stored safely and away from unauthorised access. This helps the disabled feel more comfortable to express fully their