Essay on Russian Homophobia It Needs To Stop - 1031 Words

Homophobia is transporting Russia back in time to the late 1800s and early 1900s—the epoch of the racial issues in America. With several gay rights being legalized, it seemed that Russia had begun to accept the LGBT community into their society. But the violent and repressive actions towards gay people and their supporters have proved that Russia is not becoming any more tolerant of gays. It is unsure if Russians even view gays as humans. The present status of the Russian homophobia problem is starting to spiral out of control. Given Russia’s oscillating history with the LGBT community, it’s nearly impossible to predict whether or not Russia will accept or kill the gay people. Based on the current situation, it seems like the former will†¦show more content†¦In 1991, a poll that was taken of Chelyabinsk reveled Russian thoughts on homosexuality. 60% of the people had a negative attitude towards gays. 30% said that gays should be isolated from society. 5% said that gays should be liquidated (killed). Another 5% labeled homosexuality as â€Å"unfortunate†. When Russia was under Boris Yeltsin’s rule, which lasted from 1991 to 1999, the government was much more tolerant of the LGBT community. On May 27, 1993, homosexual acts between consenting males was legalized. Also, in 1996, a Russian LGBT rights organization called â€Å"Triangle† was formed. Since 1999, Russia has been under the control of Vladimir Putin. In 1999, homosexuality was removed from the Russian list of mental disorders. In 2002, Gennady Raikov, who is a leader of a conservative pro government group in the Russian Duma, suggested outlawing homosexuality, but he didn’t get enough votes. On July 1, 2003, homosexuals were allowed into the military. In May of 2005, Nikolai Alekseev founded the LGBT Humans Rights Project Gayrussia.ru, and a year later, the Russian LGBT network was created. But that’s where Russia’s recognition and t oleration of gays stops. Since 2006, Russia has become more and more resentful and violent towards the LGBT community. Currently, homophobia is a severe problem that threatens the livelihood of every person belonging to or supporting the Russian LGBT community.Show MoreRelatedWhat Makes Russia so Homophobic?1756 Words   |  7 Pagesso Homophobic? By Emma Witkin Homophobia is the fear or hatred of homosexuals and homosexuality and is a trait that, according to Olga Khazan, over half of Russian citizens possess. It can be expressed in many different negative ways but it almost always results in harm to LGBT people. Homophobia has become a huge issue in Russia and in 2013 there were 25 hate crimes 2 of which resulted in murder (Spotlight on Russian Homophobia on Eve of Sochi Olympics). Homophobia in Russia has become so extremeRead MoreCensoring The Censorship Of Media3205 Words   |  13 Pageshomosexuality being illegal â€Å"in Cameroon, as it is in 76 other countries around the world. But in Cameroon the police and courts seek to actively prosecute. Around a dozen people are jailed for homosexual offences each year. Even more disturbing is the homophobia that is being stoked in society, and the violence that hate can release† (â€Å"Hate Unleashed†). Is not just one country that makes it impossible for gay people to be free and openly gay, there are dozens. It’s a real shame to see that many governmentsRead MoreImpact Of Energy Subsidy On The Global Markets3300 Words   |  14 Pagesgeneral commodities sector. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (â€Å"EIA) analysis brief on Russia, the country derived 52% of its federal government revenues from oil and gas production, which also accounted for over 70% of all Russian exports in 2012. Russia is the world’s second largest producer of natural gas and third largest producer of oil. Domestic energy consumption is dominated by natural gas, which, according to the EIA’s International Energy Statistics database accountedRead MoreThe Challanges Faced by White Teachers Teaching Black Students2432 Words   |  10 Pagessomeone of similar race and cultural background. That being said and understood, the question remains: With the majority of teachers (those already teaching and those in college to become teac hers) being white, how can we actually meet the educational needs of our students of color? Can white teachers honestly and openly examine their own cultural identity and confront race and racism in themselves and LEARN how to teach students of color effectively? How does an ethnic group who has been historicallyRead MoreNew World Order in Conspiracy Theory13987 Words   |  56 Pagesthe dominant culture.[28]They caution  conservative Christians  that a spirit of fear can distort scripture and history by dangerously combining  biblical literalism,  apocalyptic timetables,  demonization, and oppressive prejudices, such as  sexism,  homophobia,  classism,  xenophobia,  racism, and  antisemitism.[29]  They therefore call on Christians to  repent  for indulging in conspiracism.[30][31] More broadly,  preterist  Christians argue that some or all of the  biblical prophecies  concerning the end time

Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Essays - 793 Words

What is the greenhouse effect? It is the behavior of solar radiation when it interacts with gasses in the Earths atmosphere. The Sun gives off a wide spectrum of energy which we classify according to its wavelength. Among the types of energy given off by the sun are ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) wavelengths. UV is short wavelength high-energy radiation, visible is mid-wavelength, mid-energy radiation, and IR is long wavelength low-energy radiation. The atmosphere is mostly transparent to UV and visible light, but some components of the atmosphere absorb IR energy on its way in toward the Earths surface, warming the atmopsphere slightly. When the suns energy reaches the surface†¦show more content†¦A balance between energy coming in from the sun in the form of visible radiation (sunlight) and energy constantly being emitted from the surface of the earth to space determines the temperature of the earth. The energy coming in from the sun can pass through the atmos phere almost unchanged and warm the earth, but the infrared radiation emanating from the earths surface is partly absorbed by some gases in the atmosphere and some of it is re-emitted downwards. This further warms the surface of the earth and the lower atmosphere. The gases that do this naturally are mainly water vapour and carbon dioxide. An analogy is made with the effect of a greenhouse, which allows sunshine to penetrate the glass that in turn keeps the heat in, hence the greenhouse effect. Without this natural greenhouse effect, the earth would be over 30 °C cooler and would be too cold to be habitable. But as greenhouse gas concentrations rise well above their natural levels, the additional warming that will take place could threaten the future sustainability of the planet. The extent to which changes in temperature over the last 100 years are due to human activities has been studied by looking at patterns of change across the surface of the earth, and vertically through the depth of the atmosphere and the ocean. Climate models predict aShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Greenhouse Effect1588 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is the increase in the average surface temperature of the Earth due to the effect of the buildup of greenhouse gases, due to deforestation and burning fossil fuels which causes the heat to be trapped that would otherwise escape from the earth. To understand global warming, you need to understand the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is actually essential for life on earth to exist as it allows the planet to remain warm enough to sustain life. For example if we consider forRead MoreThe Greenhouse Effect And Global Warming1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe greenhouse effect and global warming are issues that are talked about by geologists all the time. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps the earth at temperatures that are livable. Energy from the sun warms the earth when its heat rays are absorbed by greenhouse gasses and become trapped in the atmosphere. Some of the most common greenhouse gasses are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. If there were no greenhouse gasses, very few rays would be absorbed and the earthRead MoreGlobal Warming and the Greenhouse Effect1974 Words   |  8 PagesThe Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming Recently, global warming has moved to a serious scientific issue. Because sunlight is constantly falling on the earth, the law of physics say that the planet has to radiate the same amount of energy back into space. Infrared radiation is sent out by the earth through the atmosphere, where molecules (carbon dioxide) hold outgoing radiation for a while, warming the surface.1 The molecules are kind of like glass in a greenhouse which is why this processRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Greenhouse Effect1917 Words   |  8 PagesThe Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is the result of the interaction of the atmosphere of a world and the radiation emitted from the Sun and planet. This process essentially makes a world warmer that it would be. As we will learn in this chapter there are many factors that determine the strength of a world’s greenhouse effect including a world’s size, the world’s distance from the Sun and the strength of a world’s magnetic field. Before you can learn about the factors that influence the greenhouseRead MoreEssay on Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect1912 Words   |  8 PagesGlobal Warming and the Greenhouse Effect   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently, global warming has moved to a serious scientific issue. Because sunlight is constantly falling on the earth, the law of physics say that the planet has to radiate the same amount of energy back into space. Infrared radiation is sent out by the earth through the atmosphere, where molecules (carbon dioxide) hold outgoing radiation for a while, warming the surface.1 The molecules are kind of like glass in a greenhouse which is why this processRead MoreEssay on Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect 1500 Words   |  6 Pages Global Warming is due to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that aids in heating the Earths surface and atmosphere. It results from the fact that certain atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, are able to change the energy balance of the planet by being able to absorb longwave radiation from the Earths surface. Without the greenhouse effect, life on this planet would probably not exist as the averageRead More Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Essay591 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal Warming and the Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect, in environmental science, is a popular term for the effect that certain variable constituents of the Earths lower atmosphere have on surface temperatures. It has been known since 1896 that Earth has been warmed by a blanket of gasses (This is called the greenhouse effect.). The gases--water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4)--keep ground temperatures at a global average of about 15 degrees C (60 degrees F). WithoutRead MoreEssay on The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming1837 Words   |  8 PagesThe greenhouse effect is an important phenomenon and is currently holding national and international attention. Why is there an interest in the effect? Why are people willing to invest so much time and effort investigating its consequences and willing to suffer by them? What is the basis for believing the effect is real? The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process, which is initiated by the sun. It is a result of the fact that there are gases in the Earth’s atmosphere which containRead MoreThe Effects Of Greenhouse Gases On Global Warming Essay3424 Words   |  14 Pages Diagram A is a visual representation of the greenhouse effect and the role greenhouse gases play in this greenhouse effect. How do greenhouse gases in the atmosphere affect global warming? Many of the greenhouse gases in the troposphere are naturally produced, which is why the Earth is able to stay at a constant average global temperature. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas in which is affecting global warming, not because of naturally produced carbon dioxide, but mainly because of manRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Human Expansion Of The Greenhouse Effect998 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolves around global warming and the human expansion of the greenhouse effect, as pictured below. Ordinarily, the sun’s radiation passes through the atmosphere, is absorbed by the Earth and then is re-radiated back into space as infra-red waves. However, due to human activities, the concentrations of greenhouse gases increase meaning that more of the heat radiating away from the Earth’s surface is trapped in the atmosphere and is re-emitted back to the Earth’s surface, thus further warming the planet

Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry Free Essays

string(31) " can discover from his poetry\." Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry The influence of Christianity came to England from Ireland with the arrival of St. Augustine’mission. The ancient vernacular poetry unredeemed in its worldliness and paganism was sanctified by the Christianization of England. We will write a custom essay sample on Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now In consequence there was a marked change in the content and emotion of English poetry while leaving it form and general technique unaltered. Instead of seeking themes common to old-Germanic the Christianized Anglo-Saxons adopted a new world of Latin Christianity along with themes and attitudes common to entire Christian world. This enabled the Anglo-Saxon poets to work on Biblical stories, associating them with Hebrew imagination. The special class of poetry which is called Christian poetry and this religious poetry flourished in about the 8th century in North England. Alliterative verse came to the aid of clerkly Latin to give expression of the faith of the Laity and make it popular. The subject of the poet’s song is now the story of Christ and the deeds of saintly heroes. Caedmon The English poet who took the first attempt to write poems on Christian themes was Caedmon. What scholars know of Caedmon’s life comes from Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People. He is known best during the time fl. 658-680 AD. , and Bede tells us that he was an illiterate herdsman to a monastery of Whitby who one night in a dream learned how to sing beautiful Christian verses praising God’s name. Following his dream, Caedmon became the foremost Christian poets. Earlier he had so little gift of song that he used to leave the feast when he found the harp approaching him he used to leave the feast. One night as he lay asleep in the stable a mysterious being appeared to him in his dreams and commanded him to sing. At his bidding Caedmon at once sang in praise of the Lord, the Creator, verses which he had never heard before. When he awoke he remembered these verses and made others like them. Thus the unlettered Caedmon was miraculously transformed into the first religious poet of England. Caedmon is remembered today for his poetic paraphrases of The Bible. He paraphrased in verse the book of Geneis, Exodus, Daniel and Judith. He is supposed to have sung about  creation of the world, the origin of man, his reign, of exodus, the incarnation, the crucifixion, the resurrection of Christ, the ascension of Christ into heaven, the advent of the Holy Ghost and the teaching of the apostles. He also sang of future judgement, the horrors of hell and the joys of heaven. Research and scholarship however, no longer admit all the poems attributed to Caedmon by Bede to be directly his work excepting the nine-lined poem quoted by Bede in his account of Caedmon’s first inspiration. Genesis A and B The most interesting of the poems in the Junius Manuscript is Genesis. Genesis A of 3000 lines is an account of Satan’s rebellion against God and his fall with the angels into Hell, narrating the substance of the first 22 chapters of the Biblical book of Genesis. The poem contains an interpolated passage of 600 lines strikingly different in language and style from the main body of the poem. This has been named Genesis B, a rudimentary Paradise Lost, describing the temptation of Adam and Eve, their Fall and Satan’s rebellion Exodus It relates to the escape of the Israelites and the destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea. It is boldly and vigorously written and has an older Epic note. It is written more in the convention of heroic poetry rather than scriptural lore. Exodus brings a traditional â€Å"heroic style† to its biblical subject-matter. Moses is treated as a general, and military imagery pervades the battle scenes. The destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea is narrated in much the same way as a formulaic battle scene from other Old English poems Daniel Daniel, as it is preserved, is 764 lines long. There have been numerous arguments that there was originally more to this poem than survives today. It is a paraphrase of the first five chapters of the Biblical book of Daniel. The poet uses his materials for homiletic purposes and tries to inculcate such Christian virtue. The primary focus of the Old English author was that of The Three Youths, Daniel and their encounters with the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. Prosaic in tone, it also bears an interpolatory passage relating to the poem of Azariah. Judith The finest of the poem attributed to Caedmon is Judith of which a fragment of 350 lines, survive. It is a perfect poem full of action and passion. The Old English poem â€Å"Judith† describes the beheading of Assyrian general Holofernes by Israelite Judith of Bethulia. It is found in the same manuscript as the heroic poem Beowulf, the Nowell Codex, dated ca. 975-1025. The Old English poem is one of many retellings of the Holofernes-Judith tale as it was found in the Book of Judith, still present in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Bibles. What is certain about the origin of the poem is that it stems from the Book of Judith. After the Reformation, the Book of Judith was removed from the Protestant Bible. However, it is still present in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Bibles. Similar to Beowulf, Judith conveys a moral tale of heroic triumph over monstrous beings. Both moral and political, the poem tells of a brave woman’s efforts to save and protect her people. Judith is depicted as an exemplar woman, grounded by ideal morale, probity, courage, and religious conviction. Judith’s character is rendered blameless and virtuous, and her beauty is praised persistently throughout the poem. Cynaewulf Beside Caedmon, the other most important Old-English religious poet is Cynaewulf. Cynewulf lived roughly c.770-840 AD, yet very little is known about his life. The only information scholars have on Cynewulf’s life is what they can discover from his poetry. You read "Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry" in category "Papers" Two of Cynewulf’s signed poems were discovered in the Vercelli Book, which includes Cynewulf’s holy cross poem â€Å"Elene† as well as Dream of the Rood. Where many scholars will argue that all of the poems in the Vercelli are in fact Cynewulf’s, the noted German scholar Franz Dietrich demonstrates that the similarities between Cynewulf’s â€Å"Elene† and The Dream of the Rood reveals that the two must have been authored by the same individual. The four poems attributed to him trough his runic signatures are Christ. Juliana, Elene and The Fate of the Apostles. Unsigned poems attributed to him or his school are Andreas, St. Guthlac, The Phoenix, The Dream of the Rood. The four poems, like a substantial portion of Anglo-Saxon poetry, are sculpted in alliterative verse. All four poems draw upon Latin sources such as homilies and hagiographies (the lives of saints) for their content, and this is to be particularly contrasted to other Old English poems, e. g. Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel, which are drawn directly from the Bible as opposed to secondary accounts. Christ Of all his works the most important and popular poem is Christ, a fragmentary didactic poem in three parts – the first celebrating the Nativity, the second Ascension and the third Doomsday, narrating the torments of the wicked and the joys of the redeemed. Andreas and Guthlac These are poems related to lives of Saints. The first narrates the story of the adventures and sufferings and success of St. Andreas in his travels related to missionary work. Juliana and Elene These are legendary stories of St. Juliana and the discovery of the True Cross by the mother of Emperor Constantine, St. Helena. They are poems with little artistic merit except for their adventurous element and the rareness in Anglo-Saxon poetry of being dedicated to women. In terms of length, Elene is by far the longest poem of Cynewulf’s corpus at 1,321 lines. It is followed by Juliana, at 731 lines, Christ II, at 427 lines, and The Fates of the Apostles, at a brisk 122 lines. Three of the poems are â€Å"martyrolical,† in that the central character(s) in each die/suffer for their religious values. In Elene, Saint Helena endures her quest to find the Holy Cross and spread Christianity; in Juliana, the title character dies after she refuses to marry a pagan man, thus retaining her Christian integrity; in Fates of the Apostles, the speaker creates a song that meditates on the deaths of the apostles which they â€Å"joyously faced. † Elene and Juliana fit in the category of poems that depict the lives of saints. These two poems along with Andreas and Guthlac (parts A and B) constitute the only versified saints’ legends in the Old English vernacular. The Ascension (Christ II) is outside the umbrella of the other three works, and is a vehement description of a devotional subject. The exact chronology of the poems is not known. One argument asserts that Elene is likely the last of the poems because the â€Å"autobiographical† epilogue implies that Cynewulf is old at the time of composition, but this view has been doubted. Nevertheless, it seems that Christ II and Elene represent the cusp of Cynewulf’s career, while Juliana and Fates of the Apostles seem to be created by a less inspired, and perhaps less mature, poet. The Fates of the Apostles It deals with the various Christian Gospels in an Elegiac manner. It is the shortest of Cynewulf’s known canon at 122 lines long. It is a brief martyrology of the Twelve Apostles written in the standard alliterative verse. The Fates recites the key events that subsequently befell each apostle after the Ascension. It is possible that The Fates was composed as a learning aid to the monasteries. Cynewulf speaks in the first-person throughout the poem, and besides explaining the fate of each disciple, he provides â€Å"advice† and â€Å"consolation† to the reader. Cynewulf’s runic signature is scrambled in this poem so that the meaning of the runes become a riddle with no unequivocal meaning. Runic signature All four of Cynewulf’s poems contain passages where the letters of the poet’s name are woven into the text using runic symbols that also double as meaningful ideas pertinent to the text. In Juliana and Elene, the interwoven name is spelled in the more recognizable form as Cynewulf, while in Fates and Christ II it is observed without the medial e so the runic acrostic says Cynwulf. The practice of claiming authorship over one’s poems was a break from the tradition of the anonymous poet, where no composition was viewed as being owned by its creator. Cynewulf devised a tradition where authorship would connote ownership of the piece and an originality that would be respected by future generations. Furthermore, by integrating his name, Cynewulf was attempting to retain the structure and form of his poetry that would â€Å"undergo mutations† otherwise. From a different perspective, Cynewulf’s intent may not have been to claim authorship, but to â€Å"seek the prayers of others for the safety of his soul.† It is contended that Cynewulf wished to be remembered in the prayers of his audience in return for the pleasure they would derive from his poems. In a sense his expectation of a spiritual reward can be contrasted with the material reward that other poets of his time would have expected for their craft. The Phoenix The poem is about a mythical bird which burnt itself to be reborn from its own ashes, symbolic of Christian soul. The Dream of the Rood The poem is set up with the narrator having a dream. In this dream or vision he is speaking to the Cross on which Jesus was crucified. The poem itself is divided up into three separate sections. In section one, the narrator has a vision of the Cross. Initially when the dreamer sees the Cross, he notes how it is covered with gems. He is aware of how wretched he is compared to how glorious the tree is. However, he comes to see that amidst the beautiful stones it is stained with blood In section two, the Cross shares its account of Jesus’ death. The Crucifixion story is told from the perspective of the Cross. It begins with the enemy coming to cut the tree down and carrying it away. The tree learns that it is to be the bearer of a criminal, but instead the Christ comes to be crucified. The Lord and the Cross become one, and they stand together as victors, refusing to fall, taking on insurmountable pain for the sake of mankind. It is not just Christ, but the Cross as well that is pierced with nails. The Rood and Christ are one in the portrayal of the Passion—they are both pierced with nails, mocked and tortured. Then, just like with Christ, the Cross is resurrected, and adorned with gold and silver. It is honored above all trees just as Jesus is honored above all men. The Cross then charges the visionary to share all that he has seen with others. In section three, the author gives his reflections about this vision. The vision ends, and the man is left with his thoughts. He gives praise to God for what he has seen and is filled with hope for eternal life and his desire to once again be near the glorious Cross. It is the finest of religious poems in OE, the finest narrative of the Passion in medieval verse (late 7th century, later modified; preserved in the Vercelli Book). The tree of which the Cross was made relates the story the first English dream-poem How to cite Anglo-Saxon Religious Poetry, Papers